add Zh Chapter: Formatting

ChangeLog.md

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 # ChangeLog
 
+## 2022-04-09
+
+- Add [Zh - Formating]
+
 ## 2022-03-31
 
 - Add [Iterator](https://practice.rs/functional-programing/iterator.html)

zh-CN/src/formatted-output.md

@@ -1 +1,183 @@
-# Formatted output
+# 格式化输出
+
+## 位置参数
+
+1.🌟🌟
+```rust,edtiable
+
+/* 填空 */
+fn main() {
+    println!("{0}, this is {1}. {1}, this is {0}", "Alice", "Bob");// => Alice, this is Bob. Bob, this is Alice
+    assert_eq!(format!("{1}{0}", 1, 2), __);
+    assert_eq!(format!(__, 1, 2), "2112");
+    println!("Success!");
+}
+```
+
+## 具名参数
+
+2.🌟🌟
+```rust,editable
+fn main() {
+    println!("{argument}", argument = "test"); // => "test"
+
+    /* 填空 */
+    assert_eq!(format!("{name}{}", 1, __), "21");
+    assert_eq!(format!(__,a = "a", b = 'b', c = 3 ), "a 3 b");
+    
+    /* 修复错误 */
+    // 具名参数必须放在其它参数后面
+    println!("{abc} {1}", abc = "def", 2);
+
+    println!("Success!")
+}
+```
+
+## 字符串对齐
+
+3.🌟🌟 默认情况下，通过空格来填充字符串
+```rust,editable
+fn main() {
+    // 下面两个都是通过 5 个空格来填充
+    println!("Hello {:5}!", "x"); // =>  "Hello x    !"  
+    println!("Hello {:1$}!", "x", 5); // =>  "Hello x    !"
+
+    /* 填空 */
+    assert_eq!(format!("Hello __!", 5, "x"), "Hello x    !");
+    assert_eq!(format!("Hello __!", "x", width = 5), "Hello x    !");
+
+    println!("Success!")
+}
+```
+
+4.🌟🌟🌟 左对齐, 右对齐, 使用指定的字符填充
+```rust,editable
+fn main() {
+    // 左对齐
+    println!("Hello {:<5}!", "x"); // => Hello x    !
+    // 右对齐
+    assert_eq!(format!("Hello __!", "x"), "Hello     x!");
+    // 居中对齐
+    assert_eq!(format!("Hello __!", "x"), "Hello   x  !");
+
+    // 左对齐，并使用 `&` 填充
+    assert_eq!(format!("Hello {:&<5}!", "x"), __);
+
+    println!("Success!")
+}
+```
+
+5.🌟🌟 我们还能使用 0 来填充数字
+```rust,editable
+fn main() {
+    println!("Hello {:5}!", 5); // => Hello     5!
+    println!("Hello {:+}!", 5); // =>  Hello +5!
+    println!("Hello {:05}!", 5); // => Hello 00005!
+    println!("Hello {:05}!", -5); // => Hello -0005!
+
+    /* 填空 */
+    assert!(format!("{number:0>width$}", number=1, width=6) == __);
+    
+    println!("Success!")
+}
+```
+
+## 精度
+6.🌟🌟 浮点数精度
+```rust,editable
+
+/* 填空 */
+fn main() {
+    let v = 3.1415926;
+
+    println!("{:.1$}", v, 4); // same as {:.4} => 3.1416 
+
+    assert_eq!(format!("__", v), "3.14");
+    assert_eq!(format!("__", v), "+3.14");
+    assert_eq!(format!("__", v), "3");
+
+    println!("Success!")
+}
+```
+
+7.🌟🌟🌟 字符串长度
+```rust,editable
+fn main() {
+    let s = "Hello, world!";
+
+    println!("{0:.5}", s); // => Hello
+
+    assert_eq!(format!("Hello __!", 3, "abcdefg"), "Hello abc!");
+
+    println!("Success!")
+}
+```   
+
+## 二进制, 八进制, 十六进制
+
+- format!("{}", foo) -> "3735928559"
+- format!("0x{:X}", foo) -> "0xDEADBEEF"
+- format!("0o{:o}", foo) -> "0o33653337357"
+  
+8.🌟🌟
+```rust,editable
+fn main() {
+    assert_eq!(format!("__", 27), "0b11011");
+    assert_eq!(format!("__", 27), "0o33");
+    assert_eq!(format!("__", 27), "0x1b");
+    assert_eq!(format!("__", 27), "0x1B");
+
+    println!("{:x}!", 27); // 没有前缀的十六进制 => 1b
+
+    println!("{:#010b}", 27); // 使用 0 来填充二进制，宽度为 10 => 0b00011011
+
+    println!("Success!")
+}
+```
+
+## 捕获环境中的值
+9.🌟🌟🌟
+```rust,editable
+fn get_person() -> String {
+    String::from("sunface")
+}
+
+fn get_format() -> (usize, usize) {
+    (4, 1)
+}
+
+
+fn main() {
+    let person = get_person();
+    println!("Hello, {person}!");
+
+    let (width, precision) = get_format();
+    let scores = [("sunface", 99.12), ("jack", 60.34)];
+    /* 让下面的代码输出:
+    sunface:   99.1
+    jack:   60.3
+    */
+    for (name, score) in scores {
+        println!("{name}: __");
+    }
+}
+```
+
+
+## Others
+
+**Example**
+```rust,editable
+fn main() {
+    // 指数
+    println!("{:2e}", 1000000000); // => 1e9
+    println!("{:2E}", 1000000000); // => 1E9
+
+    // 指针地址
+    let v= vec![1, 2, 3];
+    println!("{:p}", v.as_ptr()); // => 0x600002324050
+
+    // 转义
+    println!("Hello {{}}"); // => Hello {}
+}
+```

zh-CN/theme/style1.css

@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@
 /* 修改滚动条宽度 */
 ::-webkit-scrollbar {
     width: 5px;
+    height: 5px;
 }
 
 /* 表格靠左对齐 */
@@ -79,3 +80,8 @@ table {
     .sidebar-visible .nav-wide-wrapper { display: none; }
     .sidebar-visible .nav-wrapper { display: block; }
 }
+
+/* 修复可编辑代码框顶部过窄的问题 */
+code.editable, .ace_scroller {
+    top: 10px;
+}