add chapter [formatting]
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@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
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1.
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```rust
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fn main() {
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println!("{0}, this is {1}. {1}, this is {0}", "Alice", "Bob");// => Alice, this is Bob. Bob, this is Alice
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assert_eq!(format!("{1}{0}", 1, 2), "21");
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assert_eq!(format!("{1}{}{0}{}", 1, 2), "2112");
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println!("Success!")
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}
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```
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2.
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```rust
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fn main() {
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println!("{argument}", argument = "test"); // => "test"
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assert_eq!(format!("{name}{}", 1, name = 2), "21");
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assert_eq!(format!("{a} {c} {b}",a = "a", b = 'b', c = 3 ), "a 3 b");
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// named argument must be placed after other arguments
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println!("{abc} {0}", 2, abc = "def");
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println!("Success!")
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}
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```
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3.
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```rust
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fn main() {
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// the following two are padding with 5 spaces
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println!("Hello {:5}!", "x"); // => "Hello x !"
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println!("Hello {:1$}!", "x", 5); // => "Hello x !"
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assert_eq!(format!("Hello {1:0$}!", 5, "x"), "Hello x !");
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assert_eq!(format!("Hello {:width$}!", "x", width = 5), "Hello x !");
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println!("Success!")
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}
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```
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4.
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```rust
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fn main() {
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// left align
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println!("Hello {:<5}!", "x"); // => Hello x !
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// right align
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assert_eq!(format!("Hello {:>5}!", "x"), "Hello x!");
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// center align
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assert_eq!(format!("Hello {:^5}!", "x"), "Hello x !");
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// left align, pad with '&'
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assert_eq!(format!("Hello {:&<5}!", "x"), "Hello x&&&&!");
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println!("Success!")
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}
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```
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5.
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```rust
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fn main() {
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println!("Hello {:5}!", 5); // => Hello 5!
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println!("Hello {:+}!", 5); // => Hello +5!
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println!("Hello {:05}!", 5); // => Hello 00005!
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println!("Hello {:05}!", -5); // => Hello -0005!
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assert!(format!("{number:0>width$}", number=1, width=6) == "000001");
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println!("Success!")
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}
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```
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6.
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```rust
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fn main() {
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let v = 3.1415926;
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println!("{:.1$}", v, 4); // same as {:.4} => 3.1416
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assert_eq!(format!("{:.2}", v), "3.14");
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assert_eq!(format!("{:+.2}", v), "+3.14");
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assert_eq!(format!("{:.0}", v), "3");
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println!("Success!")
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}
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```
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7.
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```rust
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fn main() {
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let s = "Hello, world!";
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println!("{0:.5}", s); // => Hello
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assert_eq!(format!("Hello {1:.0$}!", 3, "abcdefg"), "Hello abc!");
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println!("Success!")
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}
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```
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8.
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```rust
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fn main() {
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assert_eq!(format!("{:#b}", 27), "0b11011");
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assert_eq!(format!("{:#o}", 27), "0o33");
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assert_eq!(format!("{:#x}", 27), "0x1b");
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assert_eq!(format!("{:#X}", 27), "0x1B");
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println!("{:x}!", 27); // hex with no prefix => 1b
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println!("{:#010b}", 27); // pad binary with 0, width = 10, => 0b00011011
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println!("Success!")
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}
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```
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9.
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```rust
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fn get_person() -> String {
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String::from("sunface")
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}
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fn get_format() -> (usize, usize) {
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(4, 1)
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}
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fn main() {
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let person = get_person();
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println!("Hello, {person}!");
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let (width, precision) = get_format();
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let scores = [("sunface", 99.12), ("jack", 60.34)];
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/* Make it print:
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sunface: 99.1
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jack: 60.3
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*/
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for (name, score) in scores {
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println!("{name}: {score:width$.precision$}");
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}
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}
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```
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@ -1 +1,183 @@
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# formating
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## Positional arguments
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1.🌟🌟
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```rust,edtiable
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/* Fill in the blanks */
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fn main() {
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println!("{0}, this is {1}. {1}, this is {0}", "Alice", "Bob");// => Alice, this is Bob. Bob, this is Alice
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assert_eq!(format!("{1}{0}", 1, 2), __);
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assert_eq!(format!(__, 1, 2), "2112");
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println!("Success!");
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}
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```
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## Named arguments
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2.🌟🌟
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```rust,editable
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fn main() {
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println!("{argument}", argument = "test"); // => "test"
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|
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/* Fill in the blanks */
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assert_eq!(format!("{name}{}", 1, __), "21");
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assert_eq!(format!(__,a = "a", b = 'b', c = 3 ), "a 3 b");
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|
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/* Fix the error */
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||||
// named argument must be placed after other arguments
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println!("{abc} {1}", abc = "def", 2);
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println!("Success!")
|
||||
}
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||||
```
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|
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## Padding with string
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3.🌟🌟 By default, you can pad string with spaces
|
||||
```rust,editable
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fn main() {
|
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// the following two are padding with 5 spaces
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println!("Hello {:5}!", "x"); // => "Hello x !"
|
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println!("Hello {:1$}!", "x", 5); // => "Hello x !"
|
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|
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/* Fill in the blanks */
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assert_eq!(format!("Hello __!", 5, "x"), "Hello x !");
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||||
assert_eq!(format!("Hello __!", "x", width = 5), "Hello x !");
|
||||
|
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println!("Success!")
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
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4.🌟🌟🌟 Left align, right align, pad with specified characters.
|
||||
```rust,editable
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fn main() {
|
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// left align
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println!("Hello {:<5}!", "x"); // => Hello x !
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// right align
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assert_eq!(format!("Hello __!", "x"), "Hello x!");
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// center align
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assert_eq!(format!("Hello __!", "x"), "Hello x !");
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|
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// left align, pad with '&'
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assert_eq!(format!("Hello {:&<5}!", "x"), __);
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println!("Success!")
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}
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```
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5.🌟🌟 You can pad numbers with extra zeros.
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```rust,editable
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fn main() {
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println!("Hello {:5}!", 5); // => Hello 5!
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println!("Hello {:+}!", 5); // => Hello +5!
|
||||
println!("Hello {:05}!", 5); // => Hello 00005!
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println!("Hello {:05}!", -5); // => Hello -0005!
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|
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/* Fill in the blank */
|
||||
assert!(format!("{number:0>width$}", number=1, width=6) == __);
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||||
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println!("Success!")
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||||
}
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||||
```
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||||
|
||||
## precision
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||||
6.🌟🌟 Floating point precision
|
||||
```rust,editable
|
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|
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/* Fill in the blanks */
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||||
fn main() {
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||||
let v = 3.1415926;
|
||||
|
||||
println!("{:.1$}", v, 4); // same as {:.4} => 3.1416
|
||||
|
||||
assert_eq!(format!("__", v), "3.14");
|
||||
assert_eq!(format!("__", v), "+3.14");
|
||||
assert_eq!(format!("__", v), "3");
|
||||
|
||||
println!("Success!")
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
7.🌟🌟🌟 string length
|
||||
```rust,editable
|
||||
fn main() {
|
||||
let s = "Hello, world!";
|
||||
|
||||
println!("{0:.5}", s); // => Hello
|
||||
|
||||
assert_eq!(format!("Hello __!", 3, "abcdefg"), "Hello abc!");
|
||||
|
||||
println!("Success!")
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## binary, octal, hex
|
||||
|
||||
- format!("{}", foo) -> "3735928559"
|
||||
- format!("0x{:X}", foo) -> "0xDEADBEEF"
|
||||
- format!("0o{:o}", foo) -> "0o33653337357"
|
||||
|
||||
8.🌟🌟
|
||||
```rust,editable
|
||||
fn main() {
|
||||
assert_eq!(format!("__", 27), "0b11011");
|
||||
assert_eq!(format!("__", 27), "0o33");
|
||||
assert_eq!(format!("__", 27), "0x1b");
|
||||
assert_eq!(format!("__", 27), "0x1B");
|
||||
|
||||
println!("{:x}!", 27); // hex with no prefix => 1b
|
||||
|
||||
println!("{:#010b}", 27); // pad binary with 0, width = 10, => 0b00011011
|
||||
|
||||
println!("Success!")
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Capture the enviroments
|
||||
9.🌟🌟🌟
|
||||
```rust,editable
|
||||
fn get_person() -> String {
|
||||
String::from("sunface")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn get_format() -> (usize, usize) {
|
||||
(4, 1)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
fn main() {
|
||||
let person = get_person();
|
||||
println!("Hello, {person}!");
|
||||
|
||||
let (width, precision) = get_format();
|
||||
let scores = [("sunface", 99.12), ("jack", 60.34)];
|
||||
/* Make it print:
|
||||
sunface: 99.1
|
||||
jack: 60.3
|
||||
*/
|
||||
for (name, score) in scores {
|
||||
println!("{name}: __");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Others
|
||||
|
||||
**Example**
|
||||
```rust,editable
|
||||
fn main() {
|
||||
// exponent
|
||||
println!("{:2e}", 1000000000); // => 1e9
|
||||
println!("{:2E}", 1000000000); // => 1E9
|
||||
|
||||
// pointer address
|
||||
let v= vec![1, 2, 3];
|
||||
println!("{:p}", v.as_ptr()); // => 0x600002324050
|
||||
|
||||
// escape
|
||||
println!("Hello {{}}"); // => Hello {}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
|||
<div align="center">
|
||||
<img height="150" src="https://github.com/sunface/rust-by-practice/blob/master/assets/logo.png">
|
||||
<img height="150" src="https://github.com/sunface/rust-by-practice/blob/master/assets/logo.png?raw=true">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<p align="center">Practice Rust with challenging examples, exercises and projects</p>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
|||
<div align="center">
|
||||
<img height="150" src="https://github.com/sunface/rust-by-practice/blob/master/assets/logo.png">
|
||||
<img height="150" src="https://github.com/sunface/rust-by-practice/blob/master/assets/logo.png?raw=true">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<p align="center">通过有挑战性的示例、练习题、实践项目来提升 Rust 水平,建立从入门学习到上手实战的直通桥梁</p>
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue