809 lines
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809 lines
47 KiB
Plaintext
msgid ""
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msgstr ""
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"Project-Id-Version: 006_copyleft-pandemic 1.0\n"
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"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Nika Zhenya <nika.zhenya@cliteratu.re>\n"
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"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-04-08 00:02-0500\n"
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"Last-Translator: Automatically generated\n"
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"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
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"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
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"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
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"PO-Revision-Date: 2020-04-08 11:03-0500\n"
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"Language-Team: none\n"
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"Language: en\n"
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"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
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"X-Generator: Poedit 2.3\n"
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#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:1
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msgid "# The Copyleft Pandemic"
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msgstr ""
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"# The Copyleft Pandemic\n"
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"\n"
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"> @published 2020/04/08, 6:00 {.published}"
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#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:2
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msgid ""
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"It seems that we needed a global pandemic for publishers to finally give "
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"open access. I guess we should say… thanks?"
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msgstr ""
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"It seems that we needed a global pandemic for publishers to finally give "
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"open access. I guess we should say… thanks?"
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#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:4
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msgid ""
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"In my opinion it was a good +++PR+++ maneuver, who doesn't like companies "
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"when they do _good_? This pandemic has shown its capacity to fortify public "
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"and private institutions, no matter how poorly they have done their job and "
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"how these new policies are normalizing surveillance. But who cares, I can "
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"barely make a living publishing books and I have never been involved in "
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"government work."
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msgstr ""
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"In my opinion it was a good +++PR+++ maneuver, who doesn't like companies "
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"when they do _good_? This pandemic has shown its capacity to fortify public "
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"and private institutions, no matter how poorly they have done their job and "
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"how these new policies are normalizing surveillance. But who cares, I can "
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"barely make a living publishing books and I have never been involved in "
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"government work."
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#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:10
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msgid ""
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"An interesting side effect about this “kind” and _temporal_ openness is "
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"about authorship. One of the most relevant arguments in favor of "
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"intellectual property (+++IP+++) is the defense of authors' rights to make a "
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"living with their work. The utilitarian and labor justifications of +++IP+++ "
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"are very clear in that sense. For the former, +++IP+++ laws confer an "
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"incentive for cultural production and, thus, for the so-called creation of "
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"wealth. For the latter, author's “labour of his body, and the work of his "
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"hands, we may say, are properly his.”"
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msgstr ""
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"An interesting side effect about this “kind” and _temporal_ openness is "
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"about authorship. One of the most relevant arguments in favor of "
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"intellectual property (+++IP+++) is the defense of authors' rights to make a "
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"living with their work. The utilitarian and labor justifications of +++IP+++ "
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"are very clear in that sense. For the former, +++IP+++ laws confer an "
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"incentive for cultural production and, thus, for the so-called creation of "
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"wealth. For the latter, author's “labour of his body, and the work of his "
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"hands, we may say, are properly his.”"
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#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:19
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msgid ""
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"But also in personal-based justifications the author is a primordial subject "
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"for +++IP+++ laws. Actually, this justification wouldn't exist if the author "
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"didn't have an intimate and qualitatively distinctive relationship with her "
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"own work. Without some metaphysics or theological conceptions about cultural "
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"production, this special relation is difficult to prove---but that is "
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"another story."
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msgstr ""
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"But also in personal-based justifications the author is a primordial subject "
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"for +++IP+++ laws. Actually, this justification wouldn't exist if the author "
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"didn't have an intimate and qualitatively distinctive relationship with her "
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"own work. Without some metaphysics or theological conceptions about cultural "
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"production, this special relation is difficult to prove---but that is "
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"another story."
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#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:25
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msgid ""
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""
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msgstr ""
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""
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#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:26
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msgid ""
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"From copyfight, copyleft and copyfarleft movements, a lot of people have "
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"argued that this argument hides the fact that most authors can't make a "
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"living, whereas publishers and distributors profit a lot. Some critics claim "
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"governments should give more power to “creators” instead of allowing "
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"“reproducers” to do whatever they want. I am not a fan of this way of doing "
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"things because I don't think anyone should have more power, including "
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"authors, and also because in my world government is synonymous with "
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"corruption and death. But diversity of opinions is important, I just hope "
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"not all governments are like that."
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msgstr ""
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"From copyfight, copyleft and copyfarleft movements, a lot of people have "
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"argued that this argument hides the fact that most authors can't make a "
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"living, whereas publishers and distributors profit a lot. Some critics claim "
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"governments should give more power to “creators” instead of allowing "
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"“reproducers” to do whatever they want. I am not a fan of this way of doing "
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"things because I don't think anyone should have more power---including "
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"authors---but than to distribute, and also because in my world government is "
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"synonymous with corruption and death. But diversity of opinions is "
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"important, I just hope not all governments are like that."
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#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:36
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msgid ""
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"So between copyright, copyfight, copyleft and copyfarleft defenders there is "
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"usually a mysterious assent about producer relevance. The disagreement comes "
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"with how this overview about cultural production is or should translate into "
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"policies and legislation."
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msgstr ""
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"So between copyright, copyfight, copyleft and copyfarleft defenders there is "
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"usually a mysterious assent about producer relevance. The disagreement comes "
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"with how this overview about cultural production is or should translate into "
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"policies, legislation and political organization."
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#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:40
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msgid ""
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"In times of emergency and crisis we are seeing how easily it is to “pause” "
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"those discussions and laws---or fast track [other ones](https://www."
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"theguardian.com/technology/2020/mar/06/us-internet-bill-seen-as-opening-shot-"
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"against-end-to-end-encryption). On the side of governments this again shows "
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"how copyright and authors' rights aren't natural laws nor are they grounded "
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"beyond our political and economic systems. From the side of copyright "
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"defenders, this phenomena makes it clear that authorship is an argument that "
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"doesn't rely on the actual producers, cultural phenomena or world issues… "
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"And it also shows that there are [librarians](https://blog.archive."
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"org/2020/03/30/internet-archive-responds-why-we-released-the-national-"
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"emergency-library) and [researchers](https://www.latimes.com/business/"
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"story/2020-03-03/covid-19-open-science) fighting in favor of public "
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"interests; +++AKA+++, how important libraries and open access are today and "
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"how they can't be replaced by (online) bookstores or subscription-based "
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"research."
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msgstr ""
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"In times of emergency and crisis we are seeing how easily it is to “pause” "
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"those discussions and laws---or fast track [other ones](https://www."
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"theguardian.com/technology/2020/mar/06/us-internet-bill-seen-as-opening-shot-"
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"against-end-to-end-encryption). On the side of governments this again shows "
|
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"how copyright and authors' rights aren't natural laws nor are they grounded "
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"beyond our political and economic systems. From the side of copyright "
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"defenders, this phenomena makes it clear that authorship is an argument that "
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"doesn't rely on the actual producers, cultural phenomena or world issues… "
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"And it also shows that there are [librarians](https://blog.archive."
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"org/2020/03/30/internet-archive-responds-why-we-released-the-national-"
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"emergency-library) and [researchers](https://www.latimes.com/business/"
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"story/2020-03-03/covid-19-open-science) fighting in favor of public "
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"interests; +++AKA+++, how important libraries and open access are today and "
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"how they can't be replaced by (online) bookstores or subscription-based "
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"research."
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#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:53
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msgid ""
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"I would find it very pretentious if [some authors](https://www.authorsguild."
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"org/industry-advocacy/internet-archives-uncontrolled-digital-lending) and "
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"[some publishers](https://publishers.org/news/comment-from-aap-president-and-"
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"ceo-maria-pallante-on-the-internet-archives-national-emergency-library) "
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"didn't agree with this _temporal_ openness of their work. But let's not miss "
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"the point: this global pandemic has shown how easily it is for publishers "
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"and distributors to opt for openness or paywalls---who cares about the "
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"authors?… So next time you defend copyright as authors' rights to make a "
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"living, think twice, only few have been able to earn a livelihood, and while "
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"you think you are helping them, you are actually making third parties richer."
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msgstr ""
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"I find it very pretentious that [some authors](https://www.authorsguild.org/"
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"industry-advocacy/internet-archives-uncontrolled-digital-lending) and [some "
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"publishers](https://publishers.org/news/comment-from-aap-president-and-ceo-"
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"maria-pallante-on-the-internet-archives-national-emergency-library) didn't "
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"agree with this _temporal_ openness of their work. But let's not miss the "
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"point: this global pandemic has shown how easily it is for publishers and "
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"distributors to opt for openness or paywalls---who cares about the authors?… "
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"So next time you defend copyright as authors' rights to make a living, think "
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"twice, only few have been able to earn a livelihood, and while you think you "
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"are helping them, you are actually making third parties richer."
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#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:62
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msgid ""
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"In the end the copyright holders are not the only ones who defend their "
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"interests by addressing the importance of people---in their case the "
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"authors, but more generally and secularly the producers. The copyleft "
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"holders---a kind of cool copyright holder that hacked copyright laws---also "
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"defends their interest in a similar way, but instead of authors, they talk "
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"about users and instead of profits, they supposedly defend freedom."
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msgstr ""
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"In the end the copyright holders are not the only ones who defend their "
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"interests by addressing the importance of people---in their case the "
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"authors, but more generally and secularly the producers. The copyleft "
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"holders---a kind of “cool” copyright holder that hacked copyright laws---"
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"also defends their interest in a similar way, but instead of authors, they "
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"talk about users and instead of profits, they supposedly defend freedom."
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#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:69
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msgid ""
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"There is a huge difference between each of them, but I just want to denote "
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"how they talk about people in order to defend their interests. I wouldn't "
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"put them in the same sack if it wasn't because of these two issues."
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msgstr ""
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"There is a huge difference between each of them, but I just want to denote "
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"how they talk about people in order to defend their interests. I wouldn't "
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"put them in the same sack if it wasn't because of these two issues."
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#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:73
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msgid ""
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"Some copyleft holders were so annoying in defending Stallman. _Dudes_, at "
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"least from here we don't reduce the free software movement to one person, no "
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"matter if he's the founder or how smart or important he is or was. "
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"Criticizing his actions wasn't synonymous with throwing away what this "
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"movement has done---what we have done!---, as a lot of you tried to mitigate "
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"the issue: “Oh, but he is not the movement, we shouldn't have made a big "
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"issue about that.” His and your attitude is the fucking issue. Together you "
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"have made it very clear how narrow both views are. Stallman fucked it up and "
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"was behaving very immaturely by thinking the movement is or was thanks to "
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"him---we also have our own stories about his behavior---, why don't we just "
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"accept that?"
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msgstr ""
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"Some copyleft holders were so annoying in defending Stallman. _Dudes_, at "
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"least from here we don't reduce the free software movement to one person, no "
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"matter if he's the founder or how smart or important he is or was. "
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"Criticizing his actions wasn't synonymous with throwing away what this "
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"movement has done---what we have done!---, as a lot of you tried to mitigate "
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"the issue: “Oh, but he is not the movement, we shouldn't have made a big "
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"issue about that.” His and your attitude is the fucking issue. Together you "
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"have made it very clear how narrow both views are. Stallman fucked it up and "
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"was behaving very immaturely by thinking the movement is or was thanks to "
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"him---we also have our own stories about his behavior---, why don't we just "
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"accept that?"
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#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:85
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msgid ""
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"But I don't really care about him. For me and the people I work with, the "
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"free software movement is a wildcard that joins efforts related to "
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"technology, politics and culture for better worlds. Nevertheless, the +++FSF+"
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"++, the +++OSI+++, +++CC+++, and other big copyleft institutions don't seem "
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"to realize that a plurality of worlds implies a diversity of conceptions "
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"about freedom. And even worse, they have made a very common mistake when we "
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"talk about freedom: they forgot that “freedom wants to be free.”"
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msgstr ""
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"But I don't really care about him. For me and the people I work with, the "
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"free software movement is a wildcard that joins efforts related to "
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"technology, politics and culture for better worlds. Nevertheless, the +++FSF+"
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"++, the +++OSI+++, +++CC+++, and other big copyleft institutions don't seem "
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"to realize that a plurality of worlds implies a diversity of conceptions "
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"about freedom. And even worse, they have made a very common mistake when we "
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"talk about freedom: they forgot that “freedom wants to be free.”"
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#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:93
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msgid ""
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"Instead, they have tried to give formal definitions of software freedom. "
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"Don't get me wrong, definitions are a good way to plan and understand a "
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"phenomenon. But besides its formality, it is problematic to bind others to "
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"your own definitions, mainly when you say the movement is about and for them."
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msgstr ""
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"Instead, they have tried to give formal definitions of software freedom. "
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"Don't get me wrong, definitions are a good way to plan and understand a "
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"phenomenon. But besides its formality, it is problematic to bind others to "
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"your own definitions, mainly when you say the movement is about and for them."
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#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:98
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msgid ""
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"Among all concepts, freedom is actually very tricky to define. How can you "
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"delimit a concept in a definition when the concept itself claims the "
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"inability of, perhaps, any restraint? It is not that freedom can't be "
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"defined---I am actually assuming a definition of freedom---, but about how "
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"general and static it could be. If the world changes, if people change, if "
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"the world is actually an array of worlds and if people sometimes behave one "
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"way or the other, of course the notion of freedom is gonna vary."
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msgstr ""
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"Among all concepts, freedom is actually very tricky to define. How can you "
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"delimit an idea in a definition when the concept itself claims the inability "
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"of, perhaps, any restraint? It is not that freedom can't be defined---I am "
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"actually assuming a definition of freedom---, but about how general and "
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"static it could be. If the world changes, if people change, if the world is "
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"actually an array of worlds and if people sometimes behave one way or the "
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"other, of course the notion of freedom is gonna vary."
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#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:107
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msgid ""
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"With freedom's different meanings we could try to reduce its diversity so it "
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"could be embedded in any context or we could try something else. I dunno, "
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"maybe we could make software freedom an interoperable concept that fits each "
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"of our worlds or we could just stop trying to get a common principle."
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msgstr ""
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"With freedom's different meanings we could try to reduce its diversity so it "
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"could be embedded in any context or we could try something else. I dunno, "
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"maybe we could make software freedom an interoperable concept that fits each "
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"of our worlds or we could just stop trying to get a common principle."
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#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:112
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msgid ""
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"The copyleft institutions I mentioned and many other companies that are "
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"proud to support the copyleft movement tend to be blind about this. I am "
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"talking from my experiences, my battles and my struggles when I decided to "
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"use copyfarleft licenses in most parts of my work. Instead of receiving "
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"support from institutional representatives, I first received warnings: “That "
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"freedom you are talking about isn't freedom.” Afterwards, when I sought "
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"infrastructure support, I got refusals: “You are invited to use our code in "
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"your server, but we can't provide you hosting because your licenses aren't "
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"free.” Dawgs, if I could, I wouldn't look for your help in the first place, "
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"duh."
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msgstr ""
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"The copyleft institutions I mentioned and many other companies that are "
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"proud to support the copyleft movement tend to be blind about this. I am "
|
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"talking from my experiences, my battles and my struggles when I decided to "
|
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"use copyfarleft licenses in most parts of my work. Instead of receiving "
|
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"support from institutional representatives, I first received warnings: “That "
|
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"freedom you are talking about isn't freedom.” Afterwards, when I sought "
|
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"infrastructure support, I got refusals: “You are invited to use our code in "
|
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"your server, but we can't provide you hosting because your licenses aren't "
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"free.” Dawgs, if I could, I wouldn't look for your help in the first place, "
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"duh."
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#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:123
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msgid ""
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"Thanks to a lot of Latin American hackers and pirates, I am little by little "
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"building my and our own infrastructure. But I know this help is actually a "
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"privilege: for many years I couldn't execute many projects or ideas only "
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"because I didn't have access to the technology or tuition. And even worse, I "
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"wasn't able to look to a wider and more complex horizon without all this "
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"learning."
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msgstr ""
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"Thanks to a lot of Latin American hackers and pirates, I am little by little "
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"building my and our own infrastructure. But I know this help is actually a "
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"privilege: for many years I couldn't execute many projects or ideas only "
|
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"because I didn't have access to the technology or tuition. And even worse, I "
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"wasn't able to look to a wider and more complex horizon without all this "
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"learning."
|
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#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:129
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msgid ""
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"(There is a pedagogical deficiency in the free software movement that makes "
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"people think that writing documentation and praising self-taught learning is "
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"enough. From my point of view, it is more about the production of a self-"
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"image in how a hacker or a pirate _should be_. Plus, it's fucking scary when "
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"you realize how manly, hierarchical and meritocratic this movement tends to "
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"be)."
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msgstr ""
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"(There is a pedagogical deficiency in the free software movement that makes "
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"people think that writing documentation and praising self-taught learning is "
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"enough. From my point of view, it is more about the production of a self-"
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"image in how a hacker or a pirate _should be_. Plus, it's fucking scary when "
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"you realize how manly, hierarchical and meritocratic this movement could be)."
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#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:136
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msgid ""
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"According to copyleft folks, my notion of software freedom isn't free "
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"because copyfarleft licenses prevents _people_ from using software. This is "
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"a very common criticism of any copyfarleft license. And it is also a very "
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"paradoxical one."
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msgstr ""
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"According to copyleft folks, my notion of software freedom isn't free "
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"because copyfarleft licenses prevents _people_ from using software. This is "
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"a very common criticism of any copyfarleft license. And it is also a very "
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"paradoxical one."
|
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#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:140
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msgid ""
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"Between the free software movement and open source initiative, there has "
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"been a disagreement about who ought to inherit the same type of license, "
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"like the General Public License. For the free software movement, this clause "
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"ensures that software will always be free. According to the open source "
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"initiative, this clause is actually a counter-freedom because it doesn't "
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"allow people to decide which license to use and it also isn't very "
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"attractive for enterprise entrepreneurship. Let's not forget that both sides "
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"agree that the market is are essential for technology development."
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msgstr ""
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"Between the free software movement and open source initiative, there has "
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"been a disagreement about who ought to inherit the same type of license, "
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"like the General Public License. For the free software movement, this clause "
|
|
"ensures that software will always be free. According to the open source "
|
|
"initiative, this clause is actually a counter-freedom because it doesn't "
|
|
"allow people to decide which license to use and it also isn't very "
|
|
"attractive for enterprise entrepreneurship. Let's not forget that the "
|
|
"institutions of both sides agree that the market is essential for technology "
|
|
"development."
|
|
|
|
#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:150
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Free software supporters tend to vanish the discussion by declaring that "
|
|
"open source defenders don't understand the social implication of this "
|
|
"hereditary clause or that they have different interests and ways to change "
|
|
"technology development. So it's kind of paradoxical that these folks see the "
|
|
"anti-capitalist clause of copyfarleft licenses as a counter-freedom. Or they "
|
|
"don't understand its implications or perceive that copyfarleft doesn't talk "
|
|
"about technology development in its insolation, but in its relationship with "
|
|
"politics, society and economy."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Free software supporters tend to vanish the discussion by declaring that "
|
|
"open source defenders don't understand the social implication of this "
|
|
"hereditary clause or that they have different interests and ways to change "
|
|
"technology development. So it's kind of paradoxical that these folks see the "
|
|
"anti-capitalist clause of copyfarleft licenses as a counter-freedom. Or they "
|
|
"don't understand its implications nor perceive that copyfarleft doesn't talk "
|
|
"about technology development in its insolation, but in its relationship with "
|
|
"politics, society and economy."
|
|
|
|
#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:160
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"I won't defend copyfarleft against those criticisms. First, I don't think I "
|
|
"should defend anything because I am not saying everyone should grasp our "
|
|
"notion of freedom. Second, I have a strong opinion against the usual legal "
|
|
"reductionism among this debate. Third, I think we should focus on the ways "
|
|
"we can work together, instead of paying attention to what could divide us. "
|
|
"Finally, I don't think these criticisms are wrong, but incomplete: the "
|
|
"definition of software freedom has inherited the philosophical problem of "
|
|
"how we define and what the definition of freedom implies."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"I won't defend copyfarleft against those criticisms. First, I don't think I "
|
|
"should defend anything because I am not saying everyone should grasp our "
|
|
"notion of freedom. Second, I have a strong opinion against the usual legal "
|
|
"reductionism among this debate. Third, I think we should focus on the ways "
|
|
"we can work together, instead of paying attention to what could divide us. "
|
|
"Finally, I don't think these criticisms are wrong, but incomplete: the "
|
|
"definition of software freedom has inherited the philosophical problem of "
|
|
"how we define and what the definition of freedom implies."
|
|
|
|
#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:169
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"That doesn't mean I don't care about this discussion. Actually, it's a topic "
|
|
"I'm very familiar with. Copyright has locked me out with paywalls for "
|
|
"technology and knowledge access, copyleft has kept me away with "
|
|
"“licensewalls” with the same effects. So let's take a moment to see how free "
|
|
"the freedom is that the copyleft institutions are preaching."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"That doesn't mean I don't care about this discussion. Actually, it's a topic "
|
|
"I'm very familiar with. Copyright has locked me out with paywalls for "
|
|
"technology and knowledge access, while copyleft has kept me away with "
|
|
"“licensewalls” with the same effects. So let's take a moment to see how free "
|
|
"the freedom is that the copyleft institutions are preaching."
|
|
|
|
#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:175
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"According to _Open Source Software & The Department of Defense_ (+++DoD+++), "
|
|
"The +++U.S. DoD+++ is one of the biggest consumers of open source. To put it "
|
|
"in perspective, all tactical vehicles of the +++U.S.+++ Army employs at "
|
|
"least one piece of open source software in its programming. Other examples "
|
|
"are _the use_ of Android to direct airstrikes or _the use_ of Linux for the "
|
|
"ground stations that operates military drones like the Predator and Reaper."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"According to _Open Source Software & The Department of Defense_ (+++DoD+++), "
|
|
"The +++U.S. DoD+++ is one of the biggest consumers of open source. To put it "
|
|
"in perspective, all tactical vehicles of the +++U.S.+++ Army employs at "
|
|
"least one piece of open source software in its programming. Other examples "
|
|
"are _the use_ of Android to direct airstrikes or _the use_ of Linux for the "
|
|
"ground stations that operates military drones like the Predator and Reaper."
|
|
|
|
#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:183
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"![A Reaper drone [incorrectly bombarding](https://www.theguardian.com/"
|
|
"news/2019/nov/18/killer-drones-how-many-uav-predator-reaper) civilians in "
|
|
"Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Syria and Yemen in order to deliver +++U.S. DoD+"
|
|
"++ notion of freedom.](../../../img/p006_i002.png)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
""
|
|
|
|
#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:184
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Before you argue that this is a problem about open source software and not "
|
|
"free software, you should check out the +++DoD+++ [+++FAQ+++ section]"
|
|
"(https://dodcio.defense.gov/Open-Source-Software-FAQ). There, they define "
|
|
"open source software as “software for which the human-readable source code "
|
|
"is available for use, study, re-use, modification, enhancement, and re-"
|
|
"distribution by the users of that software.” Does that sound familiar? Of "
|
|
"course!, they include +++GPL+++ as an open software license and they even "
|
|
"rule that “an open source software license must also meet the +++GNU+++ Free "
|
|
"Software Definition.”"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Before you argue that this is a problem about open source software and not "
|
|
"free software, you should check out the +++DoD+++ [+++FAQ+++ section]"
|
|
"(https://dodcio.defense.gov/Open-Source-Software-FAQ). There, they define "
|
|
"open source software as “software for which the human-readable source code "
|
|
"is available for use, study, re-use, modification, enhancement, and re-"
|
|
"distribution by the users of that software.” Does that sound familiar? Of "
|
|
"course!, they include +++GPL+++ as an open software license and they even "
|
|
"rule that “an open source software license must also meet the +++GNU+++ Free "
|
|
"Software Definition.”"
|
|
|
|
#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:194
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This report was published in 2016 by the Center for a New American Security "
|
|
"(+++CNAS+++), a right-wing think tank which [mission and agenda](https://www."
|
|
"cnas.org/mission) is “designed to shape the choices of leaders in the +++U.S."
|
|
"+++ government, the private sector, and society to advance +++U.S.+++ "
|
|
"interests and strategy.”"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"This report was published in 2016 by the Center for a New American Security "
|
|
"(+++CNAS+++), a right-wing think tank which [mission and agenda](https://www."
|
|
"cnas.org/mission) is “designed to shape the choices of leaders in the +++U.S."
|
|
"+++ government, the private sector, and society to advance +++U.S.+++ "
|
|
"interests and strategy.”"
|
|
|
|
#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:199
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"I found this report after I read about how the [+++U.S.+++ Army scrapped one "
|
|
"billion dollars for its “Iron Dome” after Israel refused to share code]"
|
|
"(https://www.timesofisrael.com/us-army-scraps-1b-iron-dome-project-after-"
|
|
"israel-refuses-to-provide-key-codes). I found it interesting that even the "
|
|
"so-called most powerful army in the world was disabled by copyright laws---a "
|
|
"potential resource for asymmetric warfare. To my surprise, this isn't an "
|
|
"anomaly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"I found this report after I read about how the +++U.S.+++ Army [scrapped]"
|
|
"(https://www.timesofisrael.com/us-army-scraps-1b-iron-dome-project-after-"
|
|
"israel-refuses-to-provide-key-codes) one billion dollars for its “Iron Dome” "
|
|
"after Israel refused to share key codes. I found it interesting that even "
|
|
"the so-called most powerful army in the world was disabled by copyright "
|
|
"laws---a potential resource for asymmetric warfare. To my surprise, this "
|
|
"isn't an anomaly."
|
|
|
|
#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:206
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The intention of +++CNAS+++ report is to convince +++DoD+++ to adopt more "
|
|
"open source software because its “generally better than their proprietary "
|
|
"counterparts […] because they can _take advantage_ of the brainpower of "
|
|
"larger teams, which leads to faster innovation, higher quality, and superior "
|
|
"security for _a fraction of the cost_.” This report has its origins by the "
|
|
"“justifiably” concern “about the erosion of +++U.S.+++ military technical "
|
|
"superiority.”"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"The intention of +++CNAS+++ report is to convince +++DoD+++ to adopt more "
|
|
"open source software because its “generally better than their proprietary "
|
|
"counterparts […] because they can _take advantage_ of the _brainpower_ of "
|
|
"larger teams, which leads to faster innovation, higher quality, and superior "
|
|
"security for _a fraction of the cost_.” This report has its origins by the "
|
|
"“justifiably” concern “about the erosion of +++U.S.+++ military technical "
|
|
"superiority.”"
|
|
|
|
#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:214
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Who would think that this could happen to +++FOSS+++? Well, all of us from "
|
|
"this part of the world have been saying that the type of freedom endorsed by "
|
|
"many copyleft institutions is too wide, counterproductive for its own "
|
|
"objectives and, of course, inapplicable for our context because that liberal "
|
|
"notion of software freedom relies on strong institutions and the capacity of "
|
|
"own property or capitalize knowledge. The same ones which have been trying "
|
|
"to explain that the economic models they try to “teach” us don't work or we "
|
|
"doubt them because of their side effects. Crowdfunding isn't easy here "
|
|
"because our cultural production is heavily dependent on government aids and "
|
|
"policies, instead of the private or public sectors. And donations aren't a "
|
|
"good idea because of the hidden interests they could have and the economic "
|
|
"dependence they generate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Who would think that this could happen to free and open source software (++"
|
|
"+FOSS+++)? Well, all of us from this part of the world have been saying that "
|
|
"the type of freedom endorsed by many copyleft institutions is too wide, "
|
|
"counterproductive for its own objectives and, of course, inapplicable for "
|
|
"our context because that liberal notion of software freedom relies on strong "
|
|
"institutions and the capacity of own property or capitalize knowledge. The "
|
|
"same ones which have been trying to explain that the economic models they "
|
|
"try to “teach” us don't work or we doubt them because of their side effects. "
|
|
"Crowdfunding isn't easy here because our cultural production is heavily "
|
|
"dependent on government aids and policies, instead of the private or public "
|
|
"sectors. And donations aren't a good idea because of the hidden interests "
|
|
"they could have and the economic dependence they generate."
|
|
|
|
#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:227
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"But I guess it has to burst their bubble in order to get the point across. "
|
|
"For example, the Epstein controversial donations to +++MIT+++ Media Lab and "
|
|
"his friendship with some folks of +++CC+++; or the use of open source "
|
|
"software by the +++U.S.+++ Immigration and Customs Enforcement. While for "
|
|
"decades +++FOSS+++ has been a mechanism to facilitate the murder of “Global "
|
|
"South” citizens; a tool for Chinese labor exploitation denounced by the "
|
|
"anti-996 movement; a licensewall for technological and knowledge access for "
|
|
"people who can't afford infrastructure and the learning it triggers, even "
|
|
"though the code is “free” _to use_; or a police of software freedom that "
|
|
"denies Latin America and other regions their right to self-determinate its "
|
|
"freedom, its software policies and its economic models."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"But I guess it has to burst their bubble in order to get the point across. "
|
|
"For example, the Epstein controversial donations to +++MIT+++ Media Lab and "
|
|
"his friendship with some folks of +++CC+++; or the use of open source "
|
|
"software by the +++U.S.+++ Immigration and Customs Enforcement. While for "
|
|
"decades +++FOSS+++ has been a mechanism to facilitate the murder of “Global "
|
|
"South” citizens; a tool for Chinese labor exploitation denounced by the "
|
|
"anti-996 movement; a licensewall for technological and knowledge access for "
|
|
"people who can't afford infrastructure and the learning it triggers, even "
|
|
"though the code is “free” _to use_; or a police of software freedom that "
|
|
"denies Latin America and other regions their right to self-determinate its "
|
|
"freedom, its software policies and its economic models."
|
|
|
|
#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:240
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Those copyleft institutions that care so much about “user freedoms” actually "
|
|
"haven't been explicit about how +++FOSS+++ is helping shape a world where a "
|
|
"lot of us don't fit in. It had to be right-wing think tanks, the ones that "
|
|
"declare the relevance of +++FOSS+++ for warfare, intelligence, security and "
|
|
"authoritarian regimes, while these institutions have been making many "
|
|
"efforts in justifying its way of understanding cultural production as a "
|
|
"commodification of its political capacity. They have shown that in their "
|
|
"pursuit of government and corporate adoption of +++FOSS+++, when it favors "
|
|
"their interests, they talk about “software user freedoms” but actually refer "
|
|
"to “freedom of use software”, no matter who the user is or what it has been "
|
|
"used for."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Those copyleft institutions that care so much about “user freedoms” actually "
|
|
"haven't been explicit about how +++FOSS+++ is helping shape a world where a "
|
|
"lot of us don't fit in. It had to be right-wing think tanks, the ones that "
|
|
"declare the relevance of +++FOSS+++ for warfare, intelligence, security and "
|
|
"authoritarian regimes, while these institutions have been making many "
|
|
"efforts in justifying its way of understanding cultural production as a "
|
|
"commodification of its political capacity. They have shown that in their "
|
|
"pursuit of government and corporate adoption of +++FOSS+++, when it favors "
|
|
"their interests, they talk about “software user freedoms” but actually refer "
|
|
"to “freedom of use software,” no matter who the user is or what it has been "
|
|
"used for."
|
|
|
|
#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:252
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There is a sort of cognitive dissonance that influences many copyleft "
|
|
"supporters to treat others harshly, those who just want some aid in the "
|
|
"argument over which license or product is free or not. But in the meantime, "
|
|
"they don't defy, and some of them even embrace the adoption of +++FOSS+++ "
|
|
"for any kind of corporation, it doesn't matter if it exploits its employees, "
|
|
"surveils its users, helps to undermine democratic institutions or is part of "
|
|
"a killing machine."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"There is a sort of cognitive dissonance that influences many copyleft "
|
|
"supporters to treat others---those who just want some aid---harshly by the "
|
|
"argument over which license or product is free or not. But in the meantime, "
|
|
"they don't defy, and some of them even embrace, the adoption of +++FOSS+++ "
|
|
"for any kind of corporation, it doesn't matter if it exploits its employees, "
|
|
"surveils its users, helps to undermine democratic institutions or is part of "
|
|
"a killing machine."
|
|
|
|
#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:260
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In my opinion, the term “use” is one of the key concepts that dilutes "
|
|
"political capacity of +++FOSS+++ into the aestheticization of its activity. "
|
|
"The spine of software freedom relies in its four freedoms: the freedoms of "
|
|
"_run_, _study_, _redistribute_ and _improve_ the program. Even though "
|
|
"Stallman, his followers, the +++FSF+++, the +++OSI+++, +++CC+++ and so on "
|
|
"always indicate the relevance of “user freedoms,” these four freedoms aren't "
|
|
"directly related to users. Instead, they are four different use cases."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"In my opinion, the term “use” is one of the key concepts that dilutes "
|
|
"political capacity of +++FOSS+++ into the aestheticization of its activity. "
|
|
"The spine of software freedom relies in its four freedoms: the freedoms of "
|
|
"_run_, _study_, _redistribute_ and _improve_ the program. Even though "
|
|
"Stallman, his followers, the +++FSF+++, the +++OSI+++, +++CC+++ and so on "
|
|
"always indicate the relevance of “user freedoms,” these four freedoms aren't "
|
|
"directly related to users. Instead, they are four different use cases."
|
|
|
|
#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:269
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The difference isn't a minor thing. A _use case_ neutralizes and reifies the "
|
|
"subject of the action. In its dilution the interest of the subject becomes "
|
|
"irrelevant. The four freedoms don't ban the use of a program for selfish, "
|
|
"slayer or authoritarian uses. Neither do they encourage them. By the "
|
|
"romantic idea of a common good, it is easy to think that the freedoms of "
|
|
"run, study, redistribute and improve a program are synonymous with a "
|
|
"mechanism that improves welfare and democracy. But because these four "
|
|
"freedoms don't relate to any user interest and instead talk about the "
|
|
"interest of using software and the adoption of an “open” cultural "
|
|
"production, it hides the fact that the freedom of use sometimes goes against "
|
|
"and uses subjects."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"The difference isn't a minor thing. A _use case_ neutralizes and reifies the "
|
|
"subject of the action. In its dilution the interest of the subject becomes "
|
|
"irrelevant. The four freedoms don't ban the use of a program for selfish, "
|
|
"slayer or authoritarian uses. Neither do they encourage them. By the "
|
|
"romantic idea of a common good, it is easy to think that the freedoms of "
|
|
"run, study, redistribute and improve a program are synonymous with a "
|
|
"mechanism that improves welfare and democracy. But because these four "
|
|
"freedoms don't relate to any user interest and instead talk about the "
|
|
"interest of using software and the adoption of an “open” cultural "
|
|
"production, it hides the fact that the freedom of use sometimes goes against "
|
|
"and uses subjects."
|
|
|
|
#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:281
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"So the argument that copyfarleft denies people the use of software only "
|
|
"makes sense between two misconceptions. First, the personification of "
|
|
"institutions---like the ones that feed authoritarian regimes, perpetuate "
|
|
"labor exploitation or surveil its users---with their policies sometimes "
|
|
"restricting freedom or access _to people_. Second, the assumption that "
|
|
"freedoms over software use cases is equal to the freedom of its users."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"So the argument that copyfarleft denies people the use of software only "
|
|
"makes sense between two misconceptions. First, the personification of "
|
|
"institutions---like the ones that feed authoritarian regimes, perpetuate "
|
|
"labor exploitation or surveil its users---and their policies that sometimes "
|
|
"restrict freedom or access _to people_. Second, the assumption that freedoms "
|
|
"over software use cases is equal to the freedom of its users."
|
|
|
|
#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:288
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Actually, if your “open” economic model requires software use cases freedoms "
|
|
"over users freedoms, we are far beyond the typical discussions about "
|
|
"cultural production. I find it very hard to defend my support of freedom if "
|
|
"my work enables some uses that could go against others' freedoms. This is of "
|
|
"course the freedom dilemma about the [paradox of tolerance](https://en."
|
|
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox_of_tolerance). But my main conflict is when "
|
|
"copyleft supporters boast about their defense of users freedoms while they "
|
|
"micromanage others' software freedom definitions and, in the meantime, they "
|
|
"turn their backs to the gray, dark or red areas of what is implicit in the "
|
|
"freedom they safeguard. Or they don't care about us or their privileges "
|
|
"don't allow them to have empathy."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Actually, if your “open” economic model requires software use cases freedoms "
|
|
"over users freedoms, we are far beyond the typical discussions about "
|
|
"cultural production. I find it very hard to defend my support of freedom if "
|
|
"my work enables some uses that could go against others' freedoms. This is of "
|
|
"course a freedom dilemma related to the [paradox of tolerance](https://en."
|
|
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox_of_tolerance). But my main conflict is when "
|
|
"copyleft supporters boast about their defense of users freedoms while they "
|
|
"micromanage others' software freedom definitions and, in the meantime, they "
|
|
"turn their backs to the gray, dark or red areas of what is implicit in the "
|
|
"freedom they safeguard. Or they don't care about us or their privileges "
|
|
"don't allow them to have empathy."
|
|
|
|
#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:300
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Since the _+++GNU+++ Manifesto_ the relevance of industry among software "
|
|
"developers is clear. I don't have a reply that could calm them down. It is "
|
|
"becoming more clear that technology isn't just a broker that can be used or "
|
|
"abused. Technology, or at least its development, is a kind of political "
|
|
"praxis. The inability of legislation for law enforcement and the possibility "
|
|
"of new technologies to hold and help the _statu quo_ express this political "
|
|
"capacity of information and communications technologies."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Since the _+++GNU+++ Manifesto_ the relevance of industry among software "
|
|
"developers is clear. I don't have a reply that could calm them down. It is "
|
|
"becoming more clear that technology isn't just a broker that can be used or "
|
|
"abused. Technology, or at least its development, is a kind of political "
|
|
"praxis. The inability of legislation for law enforcement and the possibility "
|
|
"of new technologies to hold and help the _statu quo_ express this political "
|
|
"capacity of information and communications technologies."
|
|
|
|
#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:308
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"So as copyleft hacked copyright law, with copyfarleft we could help "
|
|
"disarticulate structural power or we could induce civil disobedience. By "
|
|
"prohibiting our work from being used by military, police or oligarchic "
|
|
"institutions, we could force them to stop _taking advantage_ and increase "
|
|
"their maintenance costs. They could even reach a point where they couldn't "
|
|
"operate anymore or at least they couldn't be as affective as our communities."
|
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msgstr ""
|
|
"So as copyleft hacked copyright law, with copyfarleft we could help "
|
|
"disarticulate structural power or we could induce civil disobedience. By "
|
|
"prohibiting our work from being used by military, police or oligarchic "
|
|
"institutions, we could force them to stop _taking advantage_ and increase "
|
|
"their maintenance costs. They could even reach a point where they couldn't "
|
|
"operate anymore or at least they couldn't be as affective as our communities."
|
|
|
|
#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:315
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"I know it sounds like a utopia because in practice we need the effort of a "
|
|
"lot of people involved in technology development. But we already did it "
|
|
"once: we used copyright law against itself and we introduced a new model of "
|
|
"workforce distribution and means of production. We could again use copyright "
|
|
"for our benefit, but now against the structures of power that surveils, "
|
|
"exploits and kills people. These institutions need our “brainpower,” we can "
|
|
"try by refusing their use. Some explorations could be software licenses that "
|
|
"explicitly ban surveillance, exploitation or murder."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"I know it sounds like a utopia because in practice we need the effort of a "
|
|
"lot of people involved in technology development. But we already did it "
|
|
"once: we used copyright law against itself and we introduced a new model of "
|
|
"workforce distribution and means of production. We could again use copyright "
|
|
"for our benefit, but now against the structures of power that surveils, "
|
|
"exploits and kills people. These institutions need our “brainpower,” we can "
|
|
"try by refusing their _use_. Some explorations could be software licenses "
|
|
"that explicitly ban surveillance, exploitation or murder."
|
|
|
|
#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:324
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We could also make it difficult for them to thieve our technology "
|
|
"development and deny access to our communication networks. Nowadays +++FOSS++"
|
|
"+ distribution models have confused open economy with gift economy. Another "
|
|
"think tank---Centre of Economics and Foreign Policy Studies---published a "
|
|
"report---_Digital Open Source Intelligence Security: A Primer_---where it "
|
|
"states that open sources constitutes “at least 90%” of all intelligence "
|
|
"activities. That includes our published open production and the open "
|
|
"standards we develop for transparency. It is why end-to-end encryption is "
|
|
"important and why we should extend its use instead of allowing governments "
|
|
"to ban it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"We could also make it difficult for them to thieve our technology "
|
|
"development and deny access to our communication networks. Nowadays +++FOSS++"
|
|
"+ distribution models have confused open economy with gift economy. Another "
|
|
"think tank---Centre of Economics and Foreign Policy Studies---published a "
|
|
"report---_Digital Open Source Intelligence Security: A Primer_---where it "
|
|
"states that open sources constitutes “at least 90%” of all intelligence "
|
|
"activities. That includes our published open production and the open "
|
|
"standards we develop for transparency. It is why end-to-end encryption is "
|
|
"important and why we should extend its use instead of allowing governments "
|
|
"to ban it."
|
|
|
|
#: content/md/006_copyleft-pandemic.js:335
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copyleft could be a global pandemic if we don't go against its incorporation "
|
|
"inside virulent technologies of destruction. We need more organization so "
|
|
"that the software we are developing is free as in “social freedom,” not only "
|
|
"as in “free individual.” "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copyleft could be a global pandemic if we don't go against its incorporation "
|
|
"inside virulent technologies of destruction. We need more organization so "
|
|
"that the software we are developing is “free as in social freedom, not only "
|
|
"as in free individual.” "
|