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399 lines
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>Auto learn spam/ham with Dovecot `imap_sieve` plugin</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./css/markdown.css" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="navigation">
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<a href="https://www.iredmail.org" target="_blank">
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<img alt="iRedMail web site"
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src="./images/logo-iredmail.png"
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style="vertical-align: middle; height: 30px;"
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/>
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<span>iRedMail</span>
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</a>
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// <a href="./index.html">Document Index</a></div><h1 id="auto-learn-spamham-with-dovecot-imap_sieve-plugin">Auto learn spam/ham with Dovecot <code>imap_sieve</code> plugin</h1>
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<div class="toc">
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#auto-learn-spamham-with-dovecot-imap_sieve-plugin">Auto learn spam/ham with Dovecot imap_sieve plugin</a><ul>
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<li><a href="#summary">Summary</a></li>
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<li><a href="#requirements">Requirements</a></li>
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<li><a href="#enable-imap_sieve-plugin">Enable imap_sieve plugin</a></li>
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<li><a href="#create-required-directories-and-files">Create required directories and files</a></li>
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<li><a href="#setup-cron-job-to-scan-and-learn-spamham-messages">Setup cron job to scan and learn spam/ham messages</a></li>
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<li><a href="#tests">Tests</a><ul>
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<li><a href="#report-spam-move-email-from-inbox-to-junk">Report spam: Move email from Inbox to Junk</a></li>
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<li><a href="#report-ham-move-email-from-junk-to-any-other-folder-except-trash">Report ham: Move email from Junk to any other folder (except Trash)</a></li>
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<li><a href="#scan-reported-mails">Scan reported mails</a></li>
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<li><a href="#check-detailed-bayes-learning-log-on-command-line">Check detailed bayes learning log on command line</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#check-bayes-data">Check bayes data</a></li>
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<li><a href="#see-also">See also</a></li>
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<li><a href="#references">References</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="admonition attention">
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<p class="admonition-title">Attention</p>
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<p>This feature is enabled by default if your iRedMail server was deployed
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with our <a href="https://www.iredmail.org/easy.html">iRedMail Easy platform</a>.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="admonition warning">
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<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
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<p>The bayesian classifier can only score new messages after it already learn
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200 known spams and 200 known hams.</p>
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</div>
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<h2 id="summary">Summary</h2>
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<p>Dovecot offers plugin <code>imap_sieve</code> to run sieve script for spam/virus scanning,
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it's useful to let end users report spam/ham messages within webmail or MUA,
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then on server side we call SpamAssassin to learn the reported messages. The
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more spams/hams end users reported, the more precisely SpamAssassin can catch
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the spams.</p>
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<p>This tutorial shows you how to enable Dovecot plugin <code>imap_sieve</code> and create
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required shell/sieve scripts to learn spams automatically.</p>
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<p>After setup, you can encourage end users to report spam messages by
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moving/dragging spam to <code>Junk</code> folder. With more spams reported, your iRedMail
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server can precisely catch more spams.</p>
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<h2 id="requirements">Requirements</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>A working iRedMail server.</li>
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<li>Dovecot version 2.2.24 or later. <code>imap_sieve</code> plugin is available in version
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2.2.24 and later releases.<ul>
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<li>CentOS 7 ships Dovecot-2.2.36</li>
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<li>Debian 9 ships Dovecot-2.2.27</li>
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<li>Ubuntu 16.04 ships Dovecot-2.2.22 (<strong>WARNING: Not qualified</strong>)</li>
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<li>Ubuntu 18.04 ships Dovecot-2.2.33</li>
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<li>OpenBSD 6.4 ships Dovecot-2.2.36</li>
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<li>FreeBSD ships Dovecot-3.x in ports tree</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="enable-imap_sieve-plugin">Enable <code>imap_sieve</code> plugin</h2>
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<p>Please update Dovecot config file <code>/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf</code> to:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Enable new parameter <code>mail_attribute_dict</code> globally.</li>
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<li>Enable new plugin <code>imap_sieve</code> in <code>protocol imap {}</code> section.</li>
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<li>Add required settings for <code>imap_sieve</code> in <code>plugin {}</code> section.</li>
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</ul>
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<pre><code># Store METADATA information within user's HOME directory
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mail_attribute_dict = file:%Lh/dovecot-attributes
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protocol imap {
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...
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mail_plugins = ... imap_sieve
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}
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plugin {
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sieve_plugins = sieve_imapsieve sieve_extprograms
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imapsieve_url = sieve://127.0.0.1:4190
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# From elsewhere to Junk folder
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imapsieve_mailbox1_name = Junk
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imapsieve_mailbox1_causes = COPY APPEND
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imapsieve_mailbox1_before = file:/var/vmail/sieve/report_spam.sieve
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# From Junk folder to elsewhere
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imapsieve_mailbox2_name = *
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imapsieve_mailbox2_from = Junk
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imapsieve_mailbox2_causes = COPY
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imapsieve_mailbox2_before = file:/var/vmail/sieve/report_ham.sieve
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sieve_pipe_bin_dir = /etc/dovecot/sieve/pipe
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sieve_global_extensions = +vnd.dovecot.pipe +vnd.dovecot.environment
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}
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="create-required-directories-and-files">Create required directories and files</h2>
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<p>We will create few directories and files used by <code>imap_sieve</code> plugin:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Directories:<ul>
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<li><code>/etc/dovecot/sieve/pipe</code>: used to store script called by <code>imap_sieve</code> plugin.</li>
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<li><code>/var/vmail/imapsieve_copy</code>: used to store reported spam/ham emails.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Files:<ul>
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<li><code>/var/vmail/sieve/report_spam.sieve</code>: used to save a copy of reported spam.</li>
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<li><code>/var/vmail/sieve/report_ham.sieve</code>: used to save a copy of reported ham.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Shell script:<ul>
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<li><code>/etc/dovecot/sieve/pipe/imapsieve_copy</code></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Create directories:</p>
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<pre><code>mkdir -p /etc/dovecot/sieve/pipe
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mkdir -p /var/vmail/imapsieve_copy
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chown vmail:vmail /var/vmail/imapsieve_copy
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chmod 0700 /var/vmail/imapsieve_copy
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</code></pre>
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<p>Create file <code>/var/vmail/sieve/report_spam.sieve</code> with content below:</p>
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<pre><code>require ["vnd.dovecot.pipe", "copy", "imapsieve", "environment", "variables"];
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if environment :matches "imap.user" "*" {
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set "username" "${1}";
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}
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pipe :copy "imapsieve_copy" [ "${username}", "spam" ];
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</code></pre>
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<p>Create file <code>/var/vmail/sieve/report_ham.sieve</code> with content below:</p>
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<pre><code>require ["vnd.dovecot.pipe", "copy", "imapsieve", "environment", "variables"];
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if environment :matches "imap.mailbox" "*" {
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set "mailbox" "${1}";
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}
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if string "${mailbox}" "Trash" {
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stop;
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}
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if environment :matches "imap.user" "*" {
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set "username" "${1}";
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}
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pipe :copy "imapsieve_copy" [ "${username}", "ham" ];
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</code></pre>
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<p>Create file <code>/etc/dovecot/sieve/pipe/imapsieve_copy</code> with content below:</p>
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<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env bash
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# Author: Zhang Huangbin <zhb@iredmail.org>
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# Purpose: Read full email message from stdin, and save to a local file.
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# Usage: bash imapsieve_copy <email> <spam|ham> <output_base_dir>
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export USER="$1"
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export MSG_TYPE="$2"
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export OUTPUT_BASE_DIR="/var/vmail/imapsieve_copy"
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export OUTPUT_DIR="${OUTPUT_BASE_DIR}/${MSG_TYPE}"
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export FILE="${OUTPUT_DIR}/${USER}-$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)-${RANDOM}${RANDOM}.eml"
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export OWNER="vmail"
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export GROUP="vmail"
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for dir in "${OUTPUT_BASE_DIR}" "${OUTPUT_DIR}"; do
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if [[ ! -d ${dir} ]]; then
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mkdir -p ${dir}
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chown ${OWNER}:${GROUP} ${dir}
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chmod 0700 ${dir}
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fi
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done
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cat > ${FILE} < /dev/stdin
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# Logging
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#export LOG='logger -p local5.info -t imapsieve_copy'
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#[[ $? == 0 ]] && ${LOG} "Copied one ${MSG_TYPE} email reported by ${USER}: ${FILE}"
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</code></pre>
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<p>Set correct file owner and permissions:</p>
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<pre><code>chown vmail:vmail /var/vmail/sieve/report_spam.sieve \
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/var/vmail/sieve/report_ham.sieve \
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/etc/dovecot/sieve/pipe/imapsieve_copy
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chmod 0700 /var/vmail/sieve/report_spam.sieve \
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/var/vmail/sieve/report_ham.sieve \
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/etc/dovecot/sieve/pipe/imapsieve_copy
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</code></pre>
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<p>Restart Dovecot service to enable this plugin.</p>
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<pre><code>service dovecot restart
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="setup-cron-job-to-scan-and-learn-spamham-messages">Setup cron job to scan and learn spam/ham messages</h2>
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<p>Dovecot can now save a copy of reported spam/ham automatically, we still need
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a shell script to call SpamAssassin to actually learn spam/ham periodly.</p>
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<p>Create script <code>/etc/dovecot/sieve/scan_reported_mails.sh</code> with content below,
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it's used to call <code>sa-learn</code> command to learn reported spam/ham emails:</p>
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<div class="admonition attention">
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<p class="admonition-title">Attention</p>
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<p>If you're running FreeBSD or OpenBSD, please change the Amavisd daemon
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user name in variable <code>AMAVISD_USER</code> below.</p>
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</div>
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<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env bash
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# Author: Zhang Huangbin <zhb@iredmail.org>
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# Purpose: Copy spam/ham to another directory and call sa-learn to learn.
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# Paths to find program.
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export PATH="/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH"
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export OWNER="vmail"
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export GROUP="vmail"
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# The Amavisd daemon user.
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# Note: on OpenBSD, it's "_vscan". On FreeBSD, it's "vscan".
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export AMAVISD_USER='amavis'
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export AMAVISD_USER_HOMEDIR="$(eval echo ~${AMAVISD_USER})"
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# Kernel name, in upper cases.
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export KERNEL_NAME="$(uname -s | tr '[a-z]' '[A-Z]')"
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# A temporary lock file. should be removed after successfully examed messages.
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export LOCK_FILE='/tmp/scan_reported_mails.lock'
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# Logging to syslog with 'logger' command.
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export LOG='logger -p local5.info -t scan_reported_mails'
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# `sa-learn` command, with optional arguments.
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export SA_LEARN="sa-learn -u ${AMAVISD_USER} --dbpath ${AMAVISD_USER_HOMEDIR}/.spamassassin"
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# Spool directory.
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# Must be owned by vmail:vmail.
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export SPOOL_DIR='/var/vmail/imapsieve_copy'
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# Directories which store spam and ham emails.
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# These 2 should be created while setup Dovecot antispam plugin.
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export SPOOL_SPAM_DIR="${SPOOL_DIR}/spam"
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export SPOOL_HAM_DIR="${SPOOL_DIR}/ham"
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# Directory used to store emails we're going to process.
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# We will copy new spam/ham messages to these directories, scan them, then
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# remove them.
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export SPOOL_LEARN_SPAM_DIR="${SPOOL_DIR}/processing/spam"
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export SPOOL_LEARN_HAM_DIR="${SPOOL_DIR}/processing/ham"
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if [ -e ${LOCK_FILE} ]; then
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find $(dirname ${LOCK_FILE}) -maxdepth 1 -ctime 1 "$(basename ${LOCK_FILE})" >/dev/null 2>&1
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if [ X"$?" == X'0' ]; then
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rm -f ${LOCK_FILE} >/dev/null 2>&1
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else
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${LOG} "Lock file exists (${LOCK_FILE}), abort."
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exit
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fi
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fi
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for dir in "${SPOOL_DIR}" "${SPOOL_LEARN_SPAM_DIR}" "${SPOOL_LEARN_HAM_DIR}"; do
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if [[ ! -d ${dir} ]]; then
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mkdir -p ${dir}
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fi
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chown ${OWNER}:${GROUP} ${dir}
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chmod 0700 ${dir}
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done
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# If there're a lot files, direct `mv` command may fail with error like
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# `argument list too long`, so we need `find` in this case.
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if [[ X"${KERNEL_NAME}" == X'OPENBSD' ]] || [[ X"${KERNEL_NAME}" == X'FREEBSD' ]]; then
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[[ -d ${SPOOL_SPAM_DIR} ]] && find ${SPOOL_SPAM_DIR} -name '*.eml' -exec mv {} ${SPOOL_LEARN_SPAM_DIR}/ \;
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[[ -d ${SPOOL_HAM_DIR} ]] && find ${SPOOL_HAM_DIR} -name '*.eml' -exec mv {} ${SPOOL_LEARN_HAM_DIR}/ \;
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else
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[[ -d ${SPOOL_SPAM_DIR} ]] && find ${SPOOL_SPAM_DIR} -name '*.eml' -exec mv -t ${SPOOL_LEARN_SPAM_DIR}/ {} +
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[[ -d ${SPOOL_HAM_DIR} ]] && find ${SPOOL_HAM_DIR} -name '*.eml' -exec mv -t ${SPOOL_LEARN_HAM_DIR}/ {} +
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fi
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# Try to delete empty directory, if failed, that means we have some messages to
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# scan.
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rmdir ${SPOOL_LEARN_SPAM_DIR} &>/dev/null
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if [[ X"$?" != X'0' ]]; then
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output="$(${SA_LEARN} --spam ${SPOOL_LEARN_SPAM_DIR})"
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rm -rf ${SPOOL_LEARN_SPAM_DIR} &>/dev/null
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${LOG} '[SPAM]' ${output}
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fi
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rmdir ${SPOOL_LEARN_HAM_DIR} &>/dev/null
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if [[ X"$?" != X'0' ]]; then
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output="$(${SA_LEARN} --ham ${SPOOL_LEARN_HAM_DIR})"
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rm -rf ${SPOOL_LEARN_HAM_DIR} &>/dev/null
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${LOG} '[CLEAN]' ${output}
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fi
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rm -f ${LOCK_FILE} &>/dev/null
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</code></pre>
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<p>Run command <code>crontab -e -u root</code> to setup cron job for root user, scan emails
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every 10 minutes:</p>
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<pre><code># iRedMail: Scan reported mails.
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*/10 * * * * /bin/bash /etc/dovecot/sieve/scan_reported_mails.sh
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="tests">Tests</h2>
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<h3 id="report-spam-move-email-from-inbox-to-junk">Report spam: Move email from Inbox to Junk</h3>
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<div class="admonition attention">
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<p class="admonition-title">Attention</p>
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<p>If you're running Roundcube webmail, you can enable its plugin <code>markasjunk</code>
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to help move spam to Junk folder with one click.</p>
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</div>
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<ul>
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<li>Login to webmail or any IMAP client like Outlook/Thunderbird.</li>
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<li>Move an email from <code>Inbox</code> folder to <code>Junk</code> folder.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>In Dovecot log file <code>/var/log/dovecot/imap.log</code> (or <code>dovecot.log</code> if you didn't
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configure syslog daemon to separate log content), you should see log lines like
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below:</p>
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<pre><code>Jan 31 21:10:42 c7 dovecot: imap(<email>): sieve: pipe action: piped message to program `imapsieve_copy'
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Jan 31 21:10:42 c7 dovecot: imap(<email>): sieve: left message in mailbox 'Junk'
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Jan 31 21:10:42 c7 dovecot: imap(<email>): expunge: box=INBOX, uid=7, msgid=, size=7805, from=<email>, subject=<subject>
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</code></pre>
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<p>In the meantime, you should see an email in <code>/var/vmail/imapsieve_copy/spam/</code>,
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file name in <code><email>-<timestamp>-<random_number>.eml</code> format.</p>
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<h3 id="report-ham-move-email-from-junk-to-any-other-folder-except-trash">Report ham: Move email from Junk to any other folder (except <code>Trash</code>)</h3>
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<p>If you found a clean email in <code>Junk</code> folder, just move it from <code>Junk</code> to any
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other folder except <code>Trash</code>.</p>
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<p>In Dovecot log file <code>/var/log/dovecot/imap.log</code> (or <code>dovecot.log</code>), you should
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see log lines like below:</p>
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<pre><code>Jan 31 21:15:51 c7 dovecot: imap(<email>): sieve: pipe action: piped message to program `imapsieve_copy'
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Jan 31 21:15:51 c7 dovecot: imap(<email>): sieve: left message in mailbox 'INBOX'
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Jan 31 21:15:51 c7 dovecot: imap(<email>): expunge: box=Junk, uid=7, msgid=, size=7805, from=<email>, subject=<subject>
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</code></pre>
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<p>In the meantime, you should see an email in <code>/var/vmail/imapsieve_copy/ham/</code>,
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file name in <code><email>-<timestamp>-<random_number>.eml</code> format.</p>
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<h3 id="scan-reported-mails">Scan reported mails</h3>
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<p>It's ok to run the script manually to scan reported mails:</p>
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<pre><code>bash /etc/dovecot/sieve/scan_reported_mails.sh
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</code></pre>
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<p>If it scanned messages, it will log a message in <code>/var/log/syslog</code> or
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<code>/var/log/messages</code> like this:</p>
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<pre><code>Jan 31 04:51:34 mail scan_reported_mails: [CLEAN] Learned tokens from 1 message(s) (1 message(s) examined)
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Jan 31 05:03:16 mail scan_reported_mails: [SPAM] Learned tokens from 1 message(s) (1 message(s) examined)
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="check-detailed-bayes-learning-log-on-command-line">Check detailed bayes learning log on command line</h3>
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<p>You can either <a href="./debug.amavisd.html">turn on debug mode in Amavisd and SpamAssassin</a>
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to check how bayes learning works in SpamAssassin, or run <code>sa-learn</code> manually
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to check it with a sample email.</p>
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<p>To check on command line, please upload/save a sample email to
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<code>/opt/sample.eml</code>, then run <code>sa-learn</code> as root user:</p>
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<pre><code># su -s /bin/bash - amavis -c "spamassassin -D bayes < /opt/sample.eml"
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May 21 05:27:08.244 [32241] dbg: bayes: learner_new self=Mail::SpamAssassin::Plugin::Bayes=HASH(0x2fe8cb8), bayes_store_module=Mail::SpamAssassin::BayesStore::DBM
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May 21 05:27:08.264 [32241] dbg: bayes: using username: amavis
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May 21 05:27:08.264 [32241] dbg: bayes: learner_new: got store=Mail::SpamAssassin::BayesStore::DBM=HASH(0x387a1c8)
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M
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...
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="check-bayes-data">Check bayes data</h2>
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<p>Run <code>sa-learn</code> as Amavisd daemon user with <code>--dump</code> argument will show the bayes data like below:</p>
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<pre><code># su -s /bin/bash amavis -c "sa-learn --dump magic"
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|
|
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0.000 0 3 0 non-token data: bayes db version
|
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0.000 0 3778575 0 non-token data: nspam
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0.000 0 6326326 0 non-token data: nham
|
|
0.000 0 539978 0 non-token data: ntokens
|
|
0.000 0 1558372204 0 non-token data: oldest atime
|
|
0.000 0 1558415857 0 non-token data: newest atime
|
|
0.000 0 0 0 non-token data: last journal sync atime
|
|
0.000 0 1558415403 0 non-token data: last expiry atime
|
|
0.000 0 43200 0 non-token data: last expire atime delta
|
|
0.000 0 59325 0 non-token data: last expire reduction count
|
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</code></pre>
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<ul>
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<li><code>nspam</code> means number of learnt spams.</li>
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<li><code>nham</code> means number of learnt ham/clean emails.</li>
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</ul>
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|
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="./store.spamassassin.bayes.in.sql.html">Store SpamAssassin bayes in SQL</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h2 id="references">References</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><a href="https://wiki.dovecot.org/HowTo/AntispamWithSieve">Dovecot wiki: Antispam with Sieve</a></p>
|
|
<p>You may notice a difference between current tutorial and Dovecot wiki
|
|
tutorial: our setup saves reported mails and scan it later with <code>sa-learn</code>
|
|
by cron job, but setup in Dovecot wiki calls <code>sa-learn</code> directly. We make
|
|
this change due to performance issue: when user moves a message to <code>Junk</code>
|
|
folder, webmail will wait for <code>sa-learn</code> to finish the scan then return
|
|
responsive, but if user moves a log messages at the same time, webmail will
|
|
hang and user have to wait there. This is not good user experience.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul><div class="footer">
|
|
<p style="text-align: center; color: grey;">All documents are available in <a href="https://github.com/iredmail/docs/">GitHub repository</a>, and published under <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/" target="_blank">Creative Commons</a> license. You can <a href="https://github.com/iredmail/docs/archive/master.zip">download the latest version</a> for offline reading. If you found something wrong, please do <a href="https://www.iredmail.org/contact.html">contact us</a> to fix it.</p>
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</div></body></html> |